Museum move begins

A contract for dismantling the exhibits and prepping the space for the move was granted this week, so yesterday Archives staff was working with Artex to move new material. As the AFIP closes, many departments transferred their photographic collections or historical books or other material to the Archives. We’ve filled about 20 pallets of material, and moved half of that to our existing warehouse yesterday – about 20,000 pounds of it.  It should be the same today. The material will stay on pallets until it can be unpacked and arranged and processed in our new warehouse space.

Letter of the Day: April 20

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 02183

April 20, 1897.

Captain W.C. Gorgas, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.
Fort Barrancas, Florida,

My Dear Doctor:

Referring to your letter of April 10, 1897, I beg to say that a microscopic examination of the small piece of tumor sent by you proves it to be epithelioma.

Very sincerely yours,

Walter Reed,
Surgeon, U.S. Army,
Curator

Contributed photograph 1164

>

Contributed Photograph 1164

TINEKER, SAMUEL T.

EXCISION OF HEAD AND 3 INCHES OF SHAFT OF HUMERUS.

PVT, Company D 14th INDIANA VOLUNTEERS

Battle of the WILDERNESS, 6 MAY 1864

Dr JC MCKEE, LINCOLN GENERAL HOSPITAL, WASHINGTON, D.C.

See also SP 146

BOUND IN LINCOLN, VOL. 2. HISTORY ON VERSO. TINTED.

CIVIL WAR

Letter of the Day: April 19

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 02197

April 19, 1897

Dr. A. H. Davidson,
Cuero, Texas

Dear Sir:

Your letter of the 5th instant, to the Surgeon General, U. S. Army has been referred to me for answer. The statistics of anaesthesia in the Federal army during the late war will be found on p.891 &c. of the 3rd Surgical Volume of the Medical and Surgical History of the War. Anaesthetics were employed in no less than 80.000 cases; in 76.2% the agent was chloroform, in 14.7% ether, and in 9.1% a mixture if ether and chloroform. Thirty-seven (37) cases of deaths from chloroform were reported and four (4) from ether.

There is no report of the Hyderabad Chloroform Commission in the Library. We have a report of the second Hyderabad Commission, which was published at Bombay in 1891, but it is one of the books which are not usually loaned from the Library.

Very truly yours,
D.L. Huntington
Deputy Surgeon General, U.S. Army,
In charge of Museum and Library Division

Letter of the Day: April 18

Camp Apache A.T. [Arizona Territory]
18 April 1871

Brig. Gen'l. J.K. Barnes
Surgeon General U.S. Army

General

I have the honor to transmit to you by this mail; one pack of Apache playing cards. Hoping the will be acceptable I am Sir

Very Respectfully
Your Obt Servt
Milan Soule
Act. Asst. Surg. U.S.A.

[If you are curious about Apache playing cards, check out Virginia and Harold Wayland's Playing Cards of the Apaches: A Study in Cultural Adaptation.]



Image

Letter of the Day: April 17

Copy.

Colombo, Ceylon,
April 17, 1895.

The Director of the Ethnological Museum,
Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

Sir:-

I beg to enquire whether you would wish to secure the skull of a Veddah, a race of people inhabiting the wilder regions of this Island, but fast dying out and believed by scientists to be the *missing link* in the Darwinian system of the descent of man. These skulls have been eagerly sought after for the German Museum. I shall be glad to forward one to you on receiving a remittance of its price £ 20. which will cover freight, insurance and other charges from this to New York.

I can also supply you with other specimens of the Natural and industrial products of this Island for your Museum.

I am, Sir,
Yours truly,
(Signed) Chas. Stouter.

Letter of the Day: April 16

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 02190

April 16, 1897

Dr. J.H. Huddleston,
Health Department, Criminal Court Building,
New York, N.Y.

Dear Sir:

Referring to your letter of the 14th instant, to the Surgeon General, U.S. Army, asking whether trial of vaccine virus sent on March 28th, had been made, if you have any suspicion or evidence that the efficacy of the virus has been impaired, please inform me at once, as I am about to make a trial of this virus on small children during the coming week.

Very truly yours,
Walter Reed
Surgeon, U.S. Army,
Curator.

Letter of the Day: April 15 (part 2)

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 07453
Copy

Pensacola, Fla
April 15, 1904

Surgeon General USA
Washington DC

Sir

I have the honor to inform you that I have forwarded to you by this mail for the Army Medical Museum a specimen of intestinal parasite, unknown to me and those of my confreres to whom it has been shown. I would be greatly pleased if you will kindly have your experts give me its name, method of infection, and whatever information they may have concerning this parasite, and can conveniently give. I have examined a number of medical books without result.

The following is a history of the case:

Mrs X, white, age about 35, weight about 180lbs, believed herself pregnant for the past two or three months. Had enlarged abdomen and thought she felt life. Was examined by two physicians who could not find any sign of pregnancy. A few days ago she began to suffer with cramps and profuse diarrhoea and passed an intestinal parasite after which the symptoms began to gradually subside. From the sensation of passing this parasite she is under the impression that she passed others; but as the defecation took place at night, the fecal matter was disposed of before it could be examined.

Very respectfully
(signed) W.A.J. Pollock M.D.
Room 412 Thiesen Building

Letter of the Day: April 15

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 03050

Subject:

War Department
Surgeon General's Office,
Washington, April 15, 1898

Major Walter Reed,
Surgeon, U.S. Army,
Curator, Army Medical Museum,
Washington.

Sir:

By direction of the Surgeon General, I sen you herewith, three (3) cakes of Red Cross Soap, manufactured by Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, N.J., for report as to its germicidal value.

Very respectfully,
CH Alden
Assistant Surgeon General, U.S. Army

Burns Archive's Civil War Exhibit on WNYC with online article

From: The Burns Archive

http://culture.wnyc.org/articles/features/2011/apr/13/merchants-house-di
splay-photos-new-york-civil-war-regiment-soldiers/ and slideshow

Letter of the Day: April 14

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 09429

War Department,
Office of the Surgeon General,
Army Medical Museum and Library,
Washington.

April 14, 1906.

To the Surgeon General,
U.S. Army.

Sir:

I have the honor to request authority to purchase for deposit in the Army Medical Museum the following busts of Medical and other Scientific men:

Aesculapius, est cost...$5.00
Agassiz""...5.00
Darwin, Chas""...5.00
Galen""...7.00
Huxley""...7.50
Holmes, Oliver W. est. cost 8.00
Linnaeus, est. cost...5.00

to be paid for from the Museum appropriation.

Very respectfully,
C.L. Heizmann
Col. Asst. Surgeon General, U.S.A.
In charge of Museum & Library Division.

hey that looks familiar

UMBC- Memorial photography exhibit opens tomorrow

Stanley Burns will be speaking tomorrow at 4 PM at Catonsville- Albin O
Kuhn Gallery and Library University of Maryland Baltimore County at the
opening of his memorial photography exhibit.

Sleeping Beauties: Memorial Photographs from the Burns Collection

One of the defining images in this exhibition is the tintype of a father
lovingly holding an uncomfortable looking child. The father is
well-dressed and has an air of invincibility that is undermined only by
outsized, swollen fingers. His one hand rests demonstratively on his
knee and the other in a claw-like position distended beyond his son's
clothing rather than affectionately clasping the child. The image does
not cry out that either father or son is deceased, but the father's
fingers are so unnatural that one soon realizes that he is dead. This
portrait, likely the only one ever made of the two together, emphasizes
familial relationship and love as motivations behind the image. In
varying degrees, love, relationships, and grieving more than death, are
the central characteristics of this exhibition.

Another characteristic of the show, also as represented by the portrait
of the father and son, is the changing technology of photography. The
portrait is a tintype, a relatively affordable process in 1875 when the
image was made. Represented in the exhibition are various tintypes, but
also a whole spectrum of photographic processes from the 1840s to the
2000s, including daguerreotypes, ambrotypes, albumen prints, cartes de
visite, cabinet cards, silver gelatin prints, and digitally generated
permanent pigment prints. The exhibition is a veritable history of
photography as seen through memorial photographs. Revealed is that the
look of death has not changed over time, only the way that it is
represented.

The show is organized by themes, including "Adults," "Children,"
"Sleep," "Family and Rituals," "Remembrances," "Images with Images,"
"Eyes Open," and "Decorative Displays." Each section is sequenced
historically to tell a story about the topic from the earliest to the
latest images. The father and son portrait, for example, is in the
section labeled "Adults," because it is the father who is deceased. The
section on "Children" tugs at one's heartstrings so much perhaps because
the images show cute, vulnerable little ones full of human potential not
to be realized. The "Sleep" section shows attempts to make the dead
look like they just happen to be napping. (In the nineteenth century,
death was frequently described as "the long last sleep.") Images of the
spent bodies of children with their eyes closed promote the illusion of
sleep as the children are laid out so naturally in carriages or on beds.

Additional sequences include the "Family and Rituals" section which
shows immediate and extended family members posed with the deceased,
usually in their coffins. These images, of course, would be the last
photographs of the family all together. The "Remembrances" section
includes memorial poem cabinet cards (sometimes with photographs on
them) and memorial ceramic photographs often used on memorial markers.
The Images with Images" section shows photographs with images of a
deceased one in them, or photographs with images associated with someone
who is deceased. This section will fascinate iconologist's, because the
images surrounding those of the dead often comment on and have
especially telling relationships to the dead. The "Eyes Open" section
highlights images that attempt to make the dead look natural and
somewhat as they did in life. Finally, there is the "Decorative
Displays" section which shows photographs of memorial centerpieces that
represent a way of setting off an image or expressing a reverence for
the deceased. Some decorative displays images are commercial, such as
the one for Abraham Lincoln. The imagery was intended for public
consumption for viewing in one's parlor. Others, such as "Tower of
Silence," were intended to be sold to tourists as they visited monuments
to the dead. Finally there were those with the words "Pater," or
"Sister" which were for personal and family purposes.

Photographs have three lives. The first life is the immediate purpose
for which the image was made. In the case of memorial photographs, the
image provides a record of the deceased, a way to express love and
relationship for that person, and to serve as part of the grieving
process. The second life of a photograph is as recent past nostalgia.
Friends and family can look back over time and remember the deceased as
well as good times that were had together. The third (and perhaps the
most important life) is as a communication over the generations. Long
after there is no one alive who remembers the deceased, memorial images
communicate to viewers that the person lived and was regarded highly
enough in life that people wished to remember them after death. Also
memorial images teach succeeding generations that all humanity is
related to each other and are the same in death. Perhaps most of all,
memorial photographs confer upon the dead a kind of immortality. Long
after they are gone, the deceased continue to live on in images. This
exhibition is about all of these things.

Tom Beck
Chief Curator

Walt Whitman's Civil War Soldiers at the NMHM

Walt Whitman

Image Courtesy of the Library of Congress

On April 12th, the 150th anniversay of the start of the Civil War, the National Archives announced the discovery of almost 3,000 pieces written by the poet Walt Whiman. Whitman, "a journalist, poet and essayist...[was]...perhaps best known for capturing the haunted pageantry of the Civil War in his work 'Drum-Taps'." You can read news of the discovery online at the Washington Post.

But what became of Whitman's wounded boys, the young soldiers he captured in Specimen Days? For some, their stories are documented online at: "Walt Whitman’s Soldiers: A National Museum of Health and Medicine Online Exhibit." Anatomical specimens and medical documentation of patients that Whitman immortalized remain in the collection of the NMHM, such as that of Private Oscar Cunningham:

“…the noblest specimen of a young western man…” On May 2nd, 1863, during the battle of Chancellorsville, Private Cunningham, 82nd Ohio, received a gunshot wound to the right thigh that resulted in a compound fracture of the thigh. The bullet was extracted at Armory Square Hospital on June 15th. Extensive abscesses formed following the procedure, and on May 2nd, 1864, Cunningham’s leg was amputated. Although Bliss had hope for a successful outcome when he submitted the specimen to the Army Medical Museum on May 5th, Cunningham died on June 5th, 1864. Whitman, who cared for Cunningham, described the young man in a letter to his mother. "I have just left Oscar Cunningham, the Ohio boy—he is in a dying condition—there is no hope for him—it would draw tears from the hardest heart to look at him--his is all wasted away to a skeleton, & looks like some one fifty years old—you remember I told you a year ago, when he was first brought in, I thought him the noblest specimen of a young western man I had seen, a real giant in size, & always with a smile on his face—O what a change, he has long been very irritable, to every one but me, & his frame is all wasted away." Cunningham died on June 4, 1864, one month after Bliss had hoped that Cunningham might survive his amputation. Cunningham was one of the first soldiers to be buried in the new Arlington National Cemetery."

Letter of the Day: April 13

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 09427

War Department
Office of the Surgeon General,
Army Medical Museum and Library,
Washington.

April 13, 1906

Dr. D. J. Healy, Anatomist,
Army Medical Museum.

Sir:

Referring to your verbal report of this afternoon that Landsberg was observed sleeping in the Museum Hall, you are requested to submit a report in writing, stating the time at which the observation was made, how long the sleeping continued, and any circumstances bearing upon it.

Very respectfully,
James Carroll
1st Lieut., Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.
Curator, Army Medical Museum.

Letter of the Day: April 12

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 05157

War Department,
Surgeon General's Office,
U.S.Army Medical Museum and Library,
Corner of 7th and B Streets.,
Washington, April 12, 1901

Dr. Cecil French,
718 12th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.

Sir:

I am directed by the Surgeon General to express his thanks for the portions of the left side of the pelvis, of the small intestine and of the internal genitals, showing an inguinal hernia, received from you on the 11th inst. The specimen has been added to the collection with a properly inscribed card.

Respectfully,
AF Woodhull
Col. Asst. Surg.

Luke Jerrem, Artist

http://www.lukejerram.com/projects/glass_microbiology

I have seen alot of these now as models, paintings, drawings, all ugly evoking only disgust, certainly none as beautiful to look at as these.

click the link for more.

Letter of the Day: April 11

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 05863

Repair of Skylight

Surgeon General's Office,
U.S.Army Medical Museum and Library,
Corner of 7th and B Streets SW.,
Washington, April 11, 1902

To the Surgeon General,
U.S. Army

General:

I have the honor to report that two panes of glass of the skylight of the photograph gallery of this building, need replacing . The panes, not being perfectly straight (always more or less concave), seem to rest on the four corners with result, that with every heavy windstorm the corners break off. Thus it has been necessary to have the glass repaired every year since the occupation of this building. I would therefore recommend that the glass of the entire skylight (18 x 12 ft.) be replaced with straight heavy ribbed glass, a sample of which, furnished by C.E. Hodgkin, 918 Seventh St., N.W. is herewith submitted. I understand that the cost of this change would not exceed $40.00.

Very respectfully,
Calvin DeWitt
Col. & Asst. Surgeon General, U.S.A.
In charge of Museum & Library Division

Letter of the Day: April 10

Curatorial Records: Numbered Correspondence 02183

Fort Barrancas Fla.
April 10th 1897.

Major Walter Reed
Surgeon U.S.A.

Dear Doctor,

I forward by todays mail [a] piece of a small warty tumor from tongue of Tucker[?] Clifford. It is situated in center of dorsum of anterior surface of tongue + not not raised above [the] surface. It looks to me suspicious.

Will you be kind enought to examine + give me your opinion.

Very truly yours,
W.C. Gorgas.

Museum volunteer Ed Beeman's obituary in Post

Edward A. Beeman, internist

Adam Bernstein, Washington Post, April 8, 2010